The Amboseli Baboon Project is a long-term, coordinated series of studies of yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Amboseli basin of southern Kenya. It is based in the Amboseli National Park and southwestern parts of the Amboseli ecosystem, with its primary research camp based at Ologului Public Campsite. It is affiliated with the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at Princeton University and the Department of Biology of Duke University.
The initial study of the project ran in 1963 and 1964, with a brief follow-up study in 1969. The last study also laid the groundwork for the long-term, coordinated project which began in 1971. Since then, individually recognized baboons within the study groups have been followed on a near-daily basis.
The project has consistently centered on processes at the individual, group, and population levels. In recent years it has also included other aspects of baboon biology, including genetics, hormones, nutrition, hybridization, and relations with other species.
The project was founded by Stuart Altmann, Jeanne Altmann (member of the United States National Academy of Sciences), and Glen Hausfater, and is currently co-directed by Jeanne Altmann and Susan Alberts.
Its funding has come from a number of sources over the years, including the National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, and the Chicago Zoological Survey. Over the period of its existence, it has produced over 180 peer-reviewed articles, reports, and popular accounts.